Most Common Book or Essay Organization Patterns

Most Common Book or Essay Organization Patterns To improve your ability to understand a difficult book or passage, you might start by finding the organization pattern. This may sound more difficult than it is. There are a few ways that writers can choose to organize their work, and the organization depends very much on the topic. If you were writing a description of your bedroom, for example, you would most likely use a spatial organization pattern. In other words, you would most likely start by describing one space and move on to another space, and keep going until youve covered the entire room. Spatial organization would be a suitable type of pattern for real estate professionals to use when describing a property.   Then again, if you were required to describe the events that led up to a certain event in history, your most likely organization pattern would be chronological. Chronological refers to the order that things happen in time. You might describe the legislation that set the stage for a particular event, followed by the public response to that legislation, and followed again by social conditions that changed because of the previous events. So, one of the first things you should do when trying to understand a difficult text is to figure out the particular organization pattern. This helps you frame the entire work in your brain or on paper, as when youre writing  an outline. Chronological Organization A chronological organization is used by writers when they want to describe what happened or happens in a particular order. Your entire history book is most likely written in a chronological patter. Some of the types of work that might follow this patter include the following. You can see that this type of organization is best when describing things that happen over time. History chaptersBiographiesSummer vacation essaysLegal case studies Logical Organization A logical organization might be used in many ways. Logical organization refers to works that express a point or position using evidence. Argument essaysComparison essays Functional Organization A functional organization system is used to explain how or why things work. The following types of writing might use this organization pattern most effectively. How-to essaysStep-by-step essaysInstruction manuals  Recipes Spatial Organization Spatial organization is used in essays that describe or give direction concerning a physical location. DirectionsDescriptionsLayoutsAnatomy essayDescriptions in fiction The purpose of developing and understanding organization patters is to help our brains set the stage and know what to expect. These patterns help us to build a framework in our minds and place information in the correct places on that framework. Once you determine the overall organization of any text, youll be better equipped to process information as you read. When writing your essays and chapters, you should keep your intended organizational pattern in mind as you work, to provide your readers with a clear message that is easily processed.

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses After reading the article on Subordination With Adjective Clauses, review the guidelines below and then complete the punctuation exercise that follows. Guidelines for Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three guidelines should help you decide when to set off an adjective clause (also called a relative clause) with commas: Adjective clauses beginning with that are never set off from the main clause with commas. Food that has turned green in the refrigerator should be thrown away. Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should not be set off with commas if omitting the clause would change the basic meaning of the sentence. Students who turn green should be sent to the infirmary. Because we dont mean that all students should be sent to the infirmary, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For this reason, we dont set off the adjective clause with commas.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should be set off with commas if omitting the clause would not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Last weeks pudding, which has turned green in the refrigerator, should be thrown away. Here the which clause provides added but not essential information, and so we set it off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the following sentences, add commas to set off adjective clauses that provide additional, but not essential, information. Dont add commas if the adjective clause affects the basic meaning of the sentence. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. Caramel de Lites which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts contain 70 calories each.These are the times that try mens souls.I refuse to live in any house that Jack built.I left my son at the campus day-care center which is available to all full-time students with young children.Students who have young children are invited to use the free day-care center.A physician who smokes and overeats has no right to criticize the personal habits of her patients.Gus who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed has been exiled to the storm cellar for a week.Professor Legree lost his only umbrella which he has owned for 20 years.Healthy people who refuse to work should not be given government assistance.Felix who was once a hunter in the Yukon stunned the roach with one blow from a newspaper. Answers to Adjective Clauses Questions Caramel de Lites, which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts, contain . . ..(no commas)(no commas)Â  . . . day-care center, which is available to all full-time students with young children.(no commas)(no commas)Gus, who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed, has . . ... . . umbrella, which he has owned for 20 years.(no commas)Felix, who was once a hunter in the Yukon, stunned . . ..

The Portrayal of Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Portrayal of Judaism - Essay Example Nevertheless the Greek culture had a great influence on the religious beliefs of the Jews. Due to the massive armies of Ptolemy and Seleucids, the Jews of Judea always remained subordinate to them and hence their powerful cultures had a great impact on the Jews and slowly they were forced to imbibe some of their concepts which were forced upon them. The Jews faithfully believed in life after death, stellar immortality and the immortality of ones soul after death. Prior to the Hellenistic period, the concept of afterlife the Jews had was a dark existence they referred to as â€Å"Sheol†. As it states in psalm 6 - â€Å"Turn, O Lord, save my life...For in death there is no remembrance of you; in Sheol who can give you praise?†. (Psalm 6: 4-5) But the modern Jews believed in Both Heaven and Hell. They believed that after death God would judge the actions of a person – by rewarding the good and punishing the evil. The Daily Express of London written on 24th of March, 1933 carried these headlines –â€Å" "Judea Declares War on Germany - Jews of All the World Unite - Boycott of German Goods - Mass Demonstrations." The Express also said that Germany was â€Å"now confronted with an international boycott of its trade, its finances, and its industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦In London, New York, Paris, and Warsaw, Jewish businessmen are united to go on an economic crusade.† (The Daily Express, 1933) This could be described as the first fatal turn of events towards the war. â€Å"The war against Germany will be waged by all Jewish communities, conferences, congresses... by every individual Jew. Thereby the war against Germany will ideologically enliven and promote our interests, which require that Germany be wholly destroyed.† (Natscha Retsch, 1933) Another primary factor that played a pivotal role in the war was the desire to set up a National Socialist ideology in Germany. As was written in Journal of Palestine Studies ("The Secret Contacts: Zionism and Nazi Germany, 1933-1941";

American Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Law - Essay Example In his ruling Justice Marshall asserted that even as congress did not have the explicit power to authorize the incorporation of the national bank, the appropriate and essential clause offered a foundation for Congress to act. After establishing the legality of the exercise of this authority, the judge made a ruling that the federal government, even while being limited in its power had supremacy within the Union (McAlinn et al. 78-85). Following the Civil War, the judgments of the Supreme Court favored the states more by invoking the tenth amendment. The tenth amendment asserts that the federal government only has power which has been delegated to it by the states and the people. Since the 1930s, the court started invoking the supremacy clause more which gave the federal government wider powers than before. The court mandated that the federal government cannot be subjected to the legislation or policy of the states unless it wills to do so. The Supremacy clause puts it upon the states to make legislation while taking into account the policy of the federal government. ... Congress may also make policies that are geared towards coexistence of state and federal policy. Some of the Union policies may be preemptive for reasons of fostering uniformity of national policy. A good example is the Wagner Act of 1935 which guides all state law regarding labor unions and relations between employee and employer. A watershed case in the issue of the supremacy clause and the tenth amendment is the 1956 case of Pennsylvania versus Nelson. This case made provisions for assessment criteria in instances of the federal government preempting the states without an explicit stating of intent. The criteria asks questions on; whether federal law is so pervasive so as to lead to the presumption that Congress left the states with no leeway but to apply it as it; whether Union interest is so dominant that there is a presumption of an exclusion of enforcement of state law on an issue and lastly if the state laws present reasonable danger of conflicting with federal programs (McAl innet al. 200-212). Question 4 The case of the father promising to pay $5000 dollars to his son if he refrained from taking Marijuana is very similar to the Hamer v. Sidway case. The contention by the defendant is that there is no consideration to support the promise made by the plaintiff making the promise unenforceable. The defendant would assert that the plaintiff benefited from his non usage of Marijuana. The father would argue on the basis that with or without the promise, the son benefitted from his abstinence from Marijuana. The father would also argue that he received no consideration from the promise and thus there is no contract. Such an agreement however lacks a basis in law since it would make contracts of mutuality unenforceable (McAlinn et al 156-8).

Choosing a Secondary Storage Essay Example for Free

Choosing a Secondary Storage Essay Introduction Nowadays, data is the lifeblood for today’s digital organization. The integrity, availability and the protection of the date are vital to a business productivity and successfulness, therefore storage solutions are still the priority in IT budgets. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd currently is facing a storage problem. Their storage system performance’s bottlenecks having a serious impact on their business productivity. The sluggish primary storage performance and maintenance issue were slowing down the company’s response to customer request which affecting the overall business productivity. Besides, their backup solution was becoming difficult to effectively protect date within ever shrinking back up window. Thus GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd now needed to search for a secondary storage which can solve all the problems. They require a storage that can optimize storage response time, ensure disaster recovery, implement a highly solution and the most important is to ensure a better access to customer date and protect more than 100TB of data without adding heavy cost and complex management. The era of data and information clearly shows that there is a rising demand for more storage. There are a numbers of options available in the market. The most prevalent would be direct-attached storage (DAS), network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN). There is no one is the best for everyone. It is important to focus on the specific needs and the business goals of the organization. Therefore, there are several factors to consider which include capacity, performance, reliability, data protection and budget concerns. We will look into that in more detail later. Many people will argue that SAN are more powerful that NAS, but for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd, I suggest that the Network Attached Storage (NAS) would be the most suitable storage solution to solve their storage problems. The factors that affecting of choose a secondary storage will be discussed in the next section. NAS is a data storage systems with a specialized hardware and software attached to a network. NAS products is an information data storage server, they have converged to serve all in one servers for date based applications. A NAS is to provide storage and access to data. Picture 1.1 show the Network-attached storage. 2.0 Factors affecting of choosing a secondary storage A storage solution can be defined as a hardware whose main function is to store and sharing data or information. There are many types of storage with many different functions. The storage for business usually is in the form of servers. To choose a right storage for your business, there are several factors that need to be considering when choosing storage which include reliability, capacity and scalability, the budget concern. Capacity The first factor that need to taken into consideration when choosing storage is the capacity of the storage. It is very important that we should very clear that what is the size and scope of the data that you want to store and what capacity is needed to store it? The firm should choose the storage which suitable for the organization or business purpose and functions. The firm should also consider the types of data to store and the frequency of access the data when choosing a storage. NAS systems can provide many terabytes of storage in high density. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is a consulting firm which provides services in finance and business strategy to leading law firms and government agencies. They have a lot of date that need to store and share with customer which some of it might sensitive. Therefore it is suggested that they should choose a file-level storage. A NAS device is a single storage unit best suited for file-level storage connected directly to network. NAS often configures especially for file- sharing. Performance Speed Different storage will have different return rate of speeds for data. If the date store is monthly use, means that you no need the fastest storage; if the date store will be use very frequently, is better to choose the fast performance storage. Knowing this can help you save in cost. A business normally will look for a better file access speed. GJ Consultation might need a fast performance storage since they are providing consultant services to customers which the date stored might be use frequently and need to response to customers very quickly. Transfer speed over the network is the primary indicator of a NAS because it uses file-level protocol when uploading or downloading large files. NAS can provide performance benefits. For example, NAS can take over the work of serving the email data, freeing resources on the email server for email-specific processes. Scalability Scalability is important in terms of both computing power and storage capacity. The performance and capacity should scale independently of one another. Scalability is important because the ability of the storage would need to be expanded in future in order to cope with increased use. NAS is a suitable storage which suggested for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd because it is easy to set up and easy to use, even a non IT based staff can manage the NAS. Reliability Reliability of storage also is one of the factors which is very important and need to be concerned. Reliability is important because the loss of data and downtime can lead to loss in revenue and threaten the survival of the business. In today’s world, most of the people demand a highly reliability, shared storage device that is accessible to multiple network devices. NAS is the newer version of storage after DAS (data-attached storage), it use of highest-performing drives with premium components that been qualified to extreme premium environment. NAS is suitable for GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd since it produce the most reliable and highest-performance data storage solution. NAS is same reliable with normal server. From the storage functional system, concepts are equally. They both can act as server. Even lower end NAS systems have the high reliability features such as RAID and hot swappable drives and components. Cost or budget concern Usually is the main concern of an organization to purchase a certain products or services. Cost in here not only means the equipment cost, but management and maintenance cost as well. Management and maintenance cost at here meaning that the cost to maintain the storage, the cost to hire the IT consultant to give training on the ways to use the storage and so on. GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is having a storage problem and they want to buy a suitable storage which can help them solve the problem they are facing currently without adding heavy cost for their business. Here, it is suggested to the firm that network-attached storage (NAS) would be a suitable storage solution which is less expensive if compare to others. The management and maintenance cost is lower also because NAS is easy to set up and easy to use. Security The firms have a lot of date and some of the data might be sensitive which relate to legal need to be store and share between customers, thus data protection can be one of the factors that need to be taking into consideration also. NAS provides data protection benefits in data protection plan and provide redundant storage for sensitive data. Every NAS appliance includes user security to allow or restrict file access based on username and passwords. Management Management here means the administrator who in charge of the storage solution. He need to be aware of the challenges that might be arise for the solution and consider what are the monitoring tools are available to monitor performance and warn for the possible failures. The storage should not be too complex to manage in order to save the cost of management and maintenance. 3.0 Advantages of seeking a higher performing storage A secondary storage device for computers are not only for storing back up files, they also allow computers users to expand their ability to transfer a large amounts of data from one computer to another. For GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd, as I mention earlier, the suggested storage that most suitable if the Network Attached Storage (NAS). There are several advantages of seeking a higher performing storage which suggested here. Mass Storage The capacity of the secondary storage is very high that allow us to store a large amount of data. We can store the data into the secondary storage in the form of gigabyte and terabytes. In that case, we can back up the all data easily and need not worry for losing data. Usually an organization will have plenty of data that need to be stored to support the business operations. For this, the primary storage would not be able to do it. NAS provide an efficient of sharing a large individual files among individual users. NAS can store and manage the data up to terabytes level. Besides, NAS allowed us to add more storage without shutting down the network. Reliability Security It is considered safe that storing data into the secondary storage. The data can be store in the secondary storage which is the NAS in permanent form. Therefore the firm no needs to worry of loss of data or lack of data even after many years later. NAS provide data protection benefits so that it is safe to store the sensitive data. This is one of the advantages by choosing NAS because GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd is handle highly sensitive data. The data stored on live database server will be stored to NAS in the same time so that the data will exist even if the database server faced physical failure. Performance The computer could have a better performance with adding a secondary storage. This can help users to increase the speed of storing data, access data or transferring data which indirectly increase the productivity of the firm. With a secondary storage, the computer of the organization can fully operate effectively. Performance of serving files can be increase by a NAS because NAS included file-system storage. NAS is a system used for storing files in a central location, accessible through a network, so that other computer systems can store and retrieve the data files. Comfort The date store in the secondary storage can be accessed easily and immediately. The data can share with others such as customers very easily and convenient. This can increase the productivity of the organization and contribute to gain profit for the organization. NAS is a server which has the dual function of application serving and files sharing and provides a lot of flexibility in data access by virtue of being independently. The utility rate of NAS is high because the storage is shared across multiple servers. Multiple NAS systems or devices can be manage by a central and then it can conserving the time and resources, Economic The cost of a secondary storage is cheaper than adding the memory of the computer. For GJ Consultation Sdn Bhd, NAS is suggested to them as their secondary storage rather than a SAN. SAN requires the purchase of a Fibre Channel which is very expensive; NAS requires a standard Ethernet NIC which is much cheaper. This indirectly reduces the cost for storage devices. Furthermore, SAN is very hard to understand, it will cause the management and the maintenance cost increase; however NAS is easy to understand and easy to maintain, indirectly reduces the cost of management and maintenance for the firm. NAS is a simple and cost-effective way to achieve fast data access for multiple clients at the file level. 4.0 Disadvantages of seeking a higher performing storage There is nothing perfect in this world; there is no any storage which is the best. A secondary storage has several advantages and of course has several of disadvantages. Over Whelmed NAS can be used by many computers on a network. When everyone is trying to access the device at the same time, it might lead to overwhelmed. This could happen because of the limitation of network bandwidth, and the processing power within the device. When there is a large amount of users simultaneously access data, it will create the bottlenecks on the local area network and server. Besides, NAS device could become a single point of failure. To solve this issue, those important files across multiple units should be distribute, schedule and run regular remote backup routines. Financial Budget concern Getting a higher performance of storage, in other words that is one of the expenses cost for the Organization. No matter how valuable is the storage, it still will affect the financial budgeting for the organization for short term. The organization needs to allocate fund for the storage equipment cost, and also for the maintenance and management cost of the storage. This is just a very short term disadvantages because advantages of the secondary storage will contributes profits to the organization and then can cover the cost of getting the storage. Time consuming The staffs of the organization might need times to understand and make use of the secondary storage. The administrator would first study and understand in detail for the storage then he might need to give training to the staffs in order for them to know how to operate and maximize the usage of the storage. This is important because if the secondary storage not fully utilize by the organization would be wastage for the organization. However this might take some times to completely educate everyone in the organization to fully utilize the storage and it is hard to ensure whether the storage has been fully utilized. There will be a wastage and loss of money for the organization if the users of the organization not able to use the storage. That is no point of spending an amount of money for the organization to buying a powerful product but no one can fully utilize it. Backup challenge We can back up the data by NAS but because NAS is file-level storage, which means transferring data and storing data is by file-level. If users have millions of small files, it could be a problem to back up the data because NAS will store the data by file name. NAS cannot do image-level backup and cannot serve raw device. Besides, NAS is difficult to backup the data to tape. Large block of data A NAS is not able to move a large block of data which is important for bandwidth-intensive applications such as imaging, database or transaction processing. NAS does not offer fast data transfer while reducing input/output latency or server workloads. NAS also not provide high volume transaction processing especially the companies that conduct business on the web. Same with the backup issues, if the user has millions of small file that want to store or share to another, NAS is not an option to do that. The only way to solve this without adding budget to seeking for the other storage is adding the capacity of the NAS, since the scalability of NAS is high but of course it has its limit. 5.0 Conclusion Digital assets will only continue to growth rapidly in the future. It is important to choose the right storage and to implement technologies that based on the industry standard which can minimize the interoperability concerns and provides long term investment protection for the organization.

Elizabeth Barret Browning Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth Barrett Browning was a plain woman of the Victorian Era that was most remarkably gifted. She â€Å"was destined to become known to the world†(Preston xi). Elizabeth Barrett Browning became known for her poetry, because she showed marriages were her women character were often left emotionally unstable. In her book Recollections, Browning describes what poetry means to herself. She explained that it â€Å"became a distinct object with me; an object to read, think, and live for† (Preston xii). Browning was described as a strong woman-poet who had little to no training. She came from the â€Å"Italian hills into a prim English feminine household, and inevitably assuming there that attitude of superiority to everything about her which is so contrary to that of true genius† (Oliphant 1). According to L. Roberts Steven of The Critical Survey of Poetry, â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning did not think it a kindness when critics praised her as a ‘woman poet’†(397). She wanted to be known as a poet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Browning’s main theme to her poetry was love plots, said Schneller editor of British Women Writers. The structure of Browning’s poems are unusually â€Å"centered on marriages which destroyed the woman involved†(Schneller 104). Browning’s women characters were almost always youthful, perverse, and fearless women that when â€Å"subdued into marriage†, would often take part in a â€Å"scandalous affair(s) with a robust lover†(Schneller 104). According to Schneller, the theme of love and marriage caught the eye of many readers, and made her known worldwide (104).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Browning published â€Å"The Seraphim and Other Poems† in 1838, and the critic Glenn Everett believed that this collection of poems was â€Å"the first volume of Elizabeth’s mature poetry†(Everett 1). Many critics agreed that this was the beginning of Browning’s road to success. The critic Schneller disagrees with Everett and felt that â€Å"Sonnets from the Portuguese†, â€Å"Casa Guidi Window†, â€Å"Aurora Leigh†, and â€Å"Last Poems† â€Å"represent(s) the best of Elizabeth Browning’s work†(106). The early stages of her poetry are described as â€Å"a sinewy and idiosyncratic colloquialism†, and the verse of her poem was too â€Å"sing-song and â€Å"immature†(Leighton 106).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leighton explains how in â€Å"Sonnets from the Portuguese† Browning declares her strong emo... ...wning. Baltimore. 1988   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From Book Five:[Poets and Presents Age]. Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Criticism of Carlyle in â€Å"Aurora Leigh†. [Online] Available http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/ebb/html (1). Hayter, Alethea. British Writers Vol. IV. Charles Scribners Sons. The British Council. 1981. (311,315). Landow, George P. Biographical Fact and Fiction in â€Å"Aurora Leigh†. [Online] Available http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorianebb/ebbio.html Leighton, Angelia. British Women Writers. Chicago. Continum Publishing Co. 1989. (105-106). Oliphant, Margaret. Margaret Oliphant on E. B. Browining’s â€Å"Aurora Leigh†. [Online] Available http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/ebb/all.html (1). Preston, Harriet W. The Complete Poetical Works of Mrs. Browning. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1900. (xi, xii, xvi). Schneller. British Women Writers. Chicago. Continum Publishing Co. 1989. (104). Scudder, Horace E. The Complete Poetical Works of Mrs. Browning. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1900. Stevens, L. Roberts. The Critical Survey of Poetry. Salem Press. Boston. 1992. (397, 399).

Events in Eiffel Tower

In this report I will be discussing many things about the Eiffel Tower. Such topics are: when the Eiffel Tower was built, how it was designed, and who the architect was. I will also tell you about how it was and how it is now used in Paris. I will also state the time and materials used to build the Eiffel Tower. I will tell you about Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, the architect and builder of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was built by a man by the name of Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. Gustave Eiffel was born in the year of 1832 in Dijon and attended the Ecole des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. In school he specialized in the area of design of large metal structures. He then established his own business in Paris in 1867 and quickly established his reputation with building. He was responsible for such things as the first to use compressed air for underwater caissons, such as on the railway bridge over the Carunne at Bordeauz. Gustave Eiffel has built a series of ambitious railway bridges, of which span across the Dovso at Oportu, Portugal, was the longest at 525 feet (or 160 meters). Then in 1881 he provided the iron skeleton for the Statue of Liberty. He also helped in the French attempt at the Panama Canal, where he designed and partly constructed huge locks. Then the project collapsed in 1893 and Eiffel went to prison for two years. In 1900 he took up aerodynamics and worked with that until his death in 1923. Then 1889 Eiffel built his most popular project ever. His most popular project is the Eiffel Tower, which was begun in the year 1885 and finished in the year 1889. It was originally built for the World†s Fair or Centennial Exposition of 1889 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. It took him a year to design it and three years to build the tallest structure of that time. The structure was meant to be disassembled after the World†s Fair was over in the year, but was preserved for other better uses. The materials used to build the huge structure were 7,742 tons of iron, 2-1/2 million rivets, and 15,000 pieces of metal. That which brings us to the process of building. To build the tower, the workers would first fabricate all the parts in a welding shop, then number them, and send them to the sight. The building design was to be built with cross-braced lattice girders or a diagonal brace, which runs from vertical support to vertical support, which allows very little movement. Even in hurricane strength winds there would be only 8. 8 inches (or 22 centimeters) of movement. All the highest quality wrought iron. The Eiffel Tower is resting on 25 square foot (or 2. 25 square meter) masonry piers. The piers are set in seven feet (or two meters) of concrete far below ground. The tower has three above ground stages. Below the first platform, which is at the height of 188 feet (or 57 meters), the four legs are connected by structurally sound arches. The second platform is placed at 380 feet (or 115 meters) where the legs are brought almost completely together. Then the third platform is 911 feet (or 276 meters) above the ground. Above the final platform is the lantern, which warn airplanes above, and the final terrace. Then in 1959 the addition of a radio antenna raised the height of the tower from about 990 feet (or 300 meters) to 1,056 feet (or 320 meters). The tower is now used for other things. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France is located in the â€Å"Champ de Mars,† on the south bank of the River Seine. Its uses have diversely changed throughout the years. After 1889 and the closing of the World†s Fair, Gustave Eiffel spent his time to save his monument and find new and profitable uses for the tower. He supervised changes to accommodate a meteorological station in 1890, a military telegraph station in 1903, and laboratories for studying aerodynamics in 1909. Then in 1900, 1923, and 1937 further modifications were added. The tower was then used for radio and television transmission, as a meteorological recording station, and has a restaurant and office space. Then for many years the Eiffel Tower was owned by a public firm and was in need of repairs. Then in 1981, the government of Paris took over its management. Then in the years 1981 to 1983, the tower underwent serious renovations and reconstruction in preparation for its 100th anniversary in 1989. The remodeling cost over $40 million, and stripped all the paint off down to the girders, removed the excess weight, and built new lighter buildings within the tower. The current state of the first level is three glass-enclosed structures: a museum and the Cinema, which shows films about the tower. The central level is made up of two of its own sections, each of which has a restaurant: Le Perisien, on the lower section, and La Belle France, on the upper section. The third level is the Salle Gustave Eiffel, which provides spaces for conferences, expositions, cultural events, and social gatherings. Also on the second level is a snack bar and souvenir shop. There are also glass-enclosed elevators, which take you to the first and second levels. To conclude my report I would like to say my opinion of this beautiful structure and how it has always been one of the most visited monuments in the whole world. The Eiffel Tower is Paris† most loved monuments and will probably never be disliked. The beautiful structural design and architecture just surprises me for its age. So, a masterpiece that was supposed to be torn down after the World†s Fair has lived a much longer life, a 102-year life. The Eiffel Tower was used in many collectors† plates in its early life. The most popular plates number over 82 today. In its life time, the Eiffel Tower has been visited by over 2. 5 million people and is still today a tourist trap so from a French military telegraph station to restaurants and souvenir stores, the Eiffel Tower has lived trough it all. The Eiffel Tower also went through two world wars, Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Desert Storm, so never question the strength of a worldwide known monument.

Determinants of Health Inequity and Significance to Public Health

The move to promote social justice extends that of public health service in what we now deem as eradicating ‘health inequity. ’Contemporary public health has now evolved such that the scope not only covers merely that of sanitation, diet regulation, disease treatment and quarantine/control but also, on the deeper scope, finding roots of the socioeconomic problems associated with morbidity, mortality and the likes and eliminating or targetshooting the cause. Such resolution would necessitate finding out the fundamental causes of the differential health determinants along the scope of social gradient. Cohort studies on mortality and ‘deprivation’ used to analyze the relation on conditions between populations with different socioeconomic statuses and Chalmers and Capewell (2001) reveals that deprived people die from the same conditions as affluent people but earlier in terms of years or lifespan. But is deprivation merely a way of reducing the elements of health inequity? Scott (2005) illustrated the â€Å"layman† analysis on health inequity in the US. As a first world country, the economic state is considerably well-off compared to other states but there exists disparities in health care which is embedded both in the concurrent social system and the economic and health care policies. Scott exemplified the ‘disparities’ using three persons from different social strata with heart disease. It is not known if the ‘personas’ used by Scott were ‘real’ or ‘factual’ but the personas—John Miele (upper class Manhattan architect), Will Wilson (middle class office worker), and Ewa Rycnzac (lower class housekeeper) —do illustrate a window of social ladder and take us deeper into retrospective of the degree of health care accession and social approach these ‘personas’ are receiving. Classes predetermine the fate of health of the members of the state. The differences between accessions of health care are blatant; upper class John would have more chances of being healthy or, on the least, more liable to have the best of health care compared to Wilson and Ewa. Several elements are directly associated with the role of class in the health circumstances, ‘heart attack’, of the three personas: (a) location and accession to the best and afforded health service available; (2) education and income associated to health care accession; and (3) stress based on job types and control(4) social and networking and support of families and relatives. The ‘advantageous’ state is directly related to health outcomes and probability of survival. Herein, the high socioeconomic status enjoyed by Wilson gives him the capacity to act on his disability. In retrospect, there would be depreciation of ‘capacity’ or ‘advantage’ as the individual climbs below the social ladder. We note here that socioeconomic status and social gradient denotes ‘relativity’ (Lynch 2000) in health equity. Thus, we can say that there is an empirical element in this particular social injustice. Scott (2005) merely enunciated perceptions of health inequity and did not dwell deeper into the structural causes of inequality. What is exactly the linkage between socioeconomic statuses (SES) and social gradient on public health? According to Lynch (2000), the causal relation between income inequity and health can be best explained by neomaterial interpretation —differential accumulation of exposures and experiences that have their sources in the material world—and differences in individual income. Herein, the neomaterial interpretation dabbles on a the thought that the conglomeration of ‘negative exposures’ and ‘lack of resources’ held by individuals, along with systematic underinvestment across a wide range of human, physical, health, and social infrastructure. Lynch’s explanation reveals not only the an explanation of health inequity but also the aggravation of several social dilemmas which, naturally, pulls social justice down. Additionally, it is also noted here is that Lynch (2000) disposed the idea of psychosocial effect to explain the social crux. Marmot (2002) the epidemiological perspective on health inequity and Lynch (2000), he also stipulated the role of ‘income’ or ‘resources’ in health inequity. He added that: †¦income is causally associated with health through a direct effect on the material conditions necessary for biological survival, and through an effect on social participation and opportunity to control life circumstances (p. 31) He attributed the health inequity to poor material conditions and lack of social participation. Poor material conditions have been atypified above in the case of Scott (2000) and the different personas that he used to illustrate ‘dis/advantages’ within the social ladder. Marmot (2002) explained this ‘resource availability’ in terms of threshold; an individual and his ability to become a recipient of health care [services] indirectly depends on the range of resources. A typical resource is the income of the individual. Incomes relatively determine the amount of ‘spending’ or investments individuals attribute to health care. Poverty is, again, not the cause of health inequity. Other factors like ignorance, condition/type of the immediate community, and other exogenous factors (e. g. disease-related factors) correlate directly to health inequity. Although Marmot (2002) refused to acknowledge that it may also stem from ‘deprivation’, I contend that it is affected by it. Suffice it is to say that the standard of living is indirectly affected by resources then ‘deprivation’ affects public health. What the government, the public and all the individuals concerned should accomplish is to utilize the knowledge on fundamentals of health inequity, to create intervention tactics to combat the problem. In an attempt to reduce the effects of the destructive social gradient pre-existing within the community, Marmot (20002) exaggeratedly suggested ‘income redistribution. ’ The approach was obviously non-feasible and non-pragmatic and would defy the economic and political foundations of the state. What would be more feasible is creating policies that would, on the least, reduce the gaps between the advantageous ‘higher income’ strata and the lower echelons of the society.

Jonathan safran foer Essays

Jonathan safran foer Essays Jonathan safran foer Essay Jonathan safran foer Essay Throughout this essay I will tell how he uses these strategies and how they work for him. Fore Uses imagery throughout his pieces to help you get a better understanding of what hes saying and to help you picture what is being said. His first use of imagery is used in the book Eating Animals when it says At first the situation doesnt look too bad. Its crowded, but they seem happy enough. (And human babies are kept in crowded indoor nurseries, right? ) And theyre cute. The exhilaration of seeing what came to see, and confronting all of these baby animals, has me feeling pretty good (Fore 89). The reason he used this is to help readers see that the chickens were crowded in a room but its no different than where babies are held which is in a crowded nursery. Also in Eating Animals he presents another example of imagery when he says Step your mind into a crowded elevator, an elevator so crowded you cannot turn around without bumping into (and aggravating) your neighbor. The elevator is so crowded you are often held aloft. This is kind of a blessing, as the slanted floor is made of wire, which cuts into your feet (Fore 47). This example really works for Fore because he tells you to picture it and then gives you a situation where you would be able to picture it perfectly and physically imagine yourself there. This strategy helps the reader more fully understand what the author is trying to describe. It makes the reader actually imagine what it is like and care more about the situation. Anyone can hear that something is terrible, but no one really cares until they experience it for themselves. Fore also represents imagery in an article he writes entitled Speechless which s about how his sons vocabulary isnt advanced enough to fully understand what he is experiencing or is being told. In the article he says There was a period, about a year ago, when every few nights my wife and I would be awakened by the sound of little steps in the darkness. Then our sons quick breathing in our room, and finally his trembling voice from the foot of the bed: I had a nightmare (Fore, Speechless). This form of imagery is to show the reader how distinct the sound was so you can actually picture the child walking through the hallway into the room. This works for Fore by being able to share a story that many adults can relate to because many children have nightmares, so he really connects with his readers using this imagery. Imagery is used very well in Foyers work but he does a good job with adding many metaphors. Foyers use of metaphors is spread throughout his writing and made reading them much more enjoyable. In the book Eating Animals he uses an example which says We could hear the bullet wed dodged whistle past me (Fore 52). This metaphor is used to emphasize the importance and severity of the situation. It gives the reader a better feeling of just how much the situation meant to the author. By using the term bullet, Fore makes his story that much more dramatic and emotional. This particular metaphor works in Foyers book because he is telling how serious the situation could have been, but by dodging the bullet he is saying things are good but could have been far worse. Also in an article by Fore titled How To Not Be Alone In The 21st Century, Fore reminds us to pay attention to people in our interconnected world. Too often, we forget to do this. He uses an example adapter when he says l worry that the closer the world gets to our fingertips, the further it gets from our hearts (Fore, How To Not Be Alone In The 21st Century). This metaphor is used to show how technology is evolving everyday and people are too focused with it and not paying attention to the things that are happening right in front of them. This was very important for Fore to put in his article because it applies to everyone, its not just targeted to one specific demographic, and it targets people around the world because technology is everywhere and is improving. In another article by Fore Eating Animals Makes Us Sick, he says your friend didnt catch a bug as much as eat a bug (Fore, Eating Animals Makes us Sick). This metaphor is one that is expressed widely when people talk about getting sick. This one works in Poems perspective because he figures that is a figure of speech everyone knows well enough to figure out and make sense of what hes saying. His metaphors are all in relation to make the reader become more comfortable with his writings and makes them want to read more and more by offering them great metaphors that will simplify what he is saying. The last metaphor moms from Eating Animals also, it says But herds the elephant in the room: why eat animals at all? (Fore, 210). Fore uses this rhetorical strategy to simply point out the obvious. He shows that many people are afraid to ask themselves this question so in this part he puts it all out on the table. He wants to make people think about the uncomfortable questions in the back of their minds and the questions that no one has ever thought to bring up. His bluntness makes the reader see animals as animals, and makes the reader take into consideration whether eating animals is the right thing to do ND if consuming the chemicals within them is or is not worth the taste. Metaphors are something that worked for Fore but his appeal to pathos is something that he frequently repeats. Pathos is one Of Foyers main go-to signature strategies. No matter what he writes he somehow finds a way to appeal to the readers emotions by what he is saying. The first use of pathos in the book says One time I just took my knife-its sharp enough- and I sliced off the end of a hogs nose, just like a piece of bologna. The hog went crazy for a few seconds. Then just sat there looking kind of stupid. So I took a handful of salt brine and ground it into its nose (Fore 253). This really appeals to the readers emotions because that is something you dont imagine happening to animals, its gruesome and brutal to do something like that and unnecessary. This type of pathos really gets to the reader and really works for Fore because by telling about the things that happen to animals on farms, really spreads awareness of not only how they are made but how they are treated behind the radar. Because pathos is such a good rhetorical device for him, he puts a lot into his book. Another example being, Water in these tanks has been aptly named fecal soup for all the filth and bacteria floating around. By immersing clean, healthy birds in the same tank with dirty ones, youre practically assuring cross-contamination (Fore 135). This is also a great way to appeal to the readers emotions because in those words you see how dirty the food that is being processed is and really think to themselves, is this what I Want to be putting in my body, is this something that will make me sick and when you get your reader to ask themselves those questions then Ive effectively appealed to their emotions. In his article Speechless, Fore uses the unthinkable and most emotional topic to appeal to the readers emotions. He brings up 9/11. No matter what story, the thought of 9/1 1 automatically causes emotion from people because that was a sad day in American history, lives were changed, and nothing was ever the same. In the article he tells how if his child were to ask about it he would simply just say Because they were trying to kill the people in the buildings, and scare everyone else; because they were angry about certain things America had one; because the fires weakened the steel that held the towers up (Fore, Speechless). This quote works so well for Fore and he used it because he knew that he would get an emotional response out of whoever was reading it. Overall Jonathan Saffron Fore, along with many other authors, likes to have certain rhetorical strategies that they use no matter what they are writing. In this case Fore uses a lot of imagery, metaphors, and appeals to the readers emotions by using pathos in a number of his writings. These trademarked strategies are what makes his writing so unique and his own.

Bio of Robert Goddard, American Rocket Scientist

Bio of Robert Goddard, American Rocket Scientist Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882–August 10, 1945) was an influential American rocket scientist whose work shaped the history of space exploration. Yet, as far-reaching as Goddards work became, it was not acknowledged as important by the government or military for much of his life. Nevertheless, Goddard persevered, and today all rocket technologies owe him an intellectual debt. Fast Facts: Robert H. Goddard Full Name: Robert Hutchings GoddardOccupation: Engineer and rocket developerBorn: October 5, 1882 in Worcester, Massachusetts, USAParents Names: Nahum Goddard, Fannie L. HoytDied: August 10, 1945 in Worcester, Massachusetts, USAEducation: Worcester Polytechnic Institute (B.S. Physics, 1908). Clark University (M.A. and Ph.D. Physics, 1911).Key Achievements: First successful rocket launch on American soil in 1926 in Worcester, MA.  Key Publications: A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes (1919)Spouses Name: Esther Christine KiskResearch Area: Rocket propulsion and engineering Early Life Robert Goddard was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on October 5, 1882, to farmer Nahum Goddard and Fannie Louise Hoyt. He was sickly as a child, but had a telescope and often spent time studying the sky. He eventually became interested in science, particularly the mechanics of flight. His discovery of Smithsonian magazine and articles by flight expert Samuel Pierpont Langley ignited a lifelong interest in aerodynamics. As an undergraduate, Goddard attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he studied physics. He earned his physics Ph.D. at Clark University in 1911, then took a research fellowship at Princeton University the following year. He ultimately joined the faculty at Clark University as a professor of aerospace engineering and physics, a post he held much of his life. Research With Rockets Robert Goddard began writing about rockets while he was still an undergraduate. After getting his Ph.D., he focused on studying the atmosphere using rockets to lift instruments high enough to take temperature and pressure readings. His desire to study the upper atmosphere drove him to experiment with rockets as a possible delivery technology. Goddard had a hard time getting funding to pursue the work, but he eventually persuaded the Smithsonian Institution to support his research. In 1919, he wrote his first major treatise (published by the Smithsonian) called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, outlining the challenges of lifting mass high to the atmosphere and exploring how rockets could solve the problems of high-altitude studies.   Dr. Robert H. Goddard and His Rockets. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC) Goddard experimented with a number of different rocket configurations and fuel loads, beginning with solid-rocket propellant fuel mixes in 1915. Eventually, he switched to liquid fuels, which required a redesign of the rockets he was using. He had to engineer fuel tanks, turbines, and combustion chambers that hadnt been fashioned for this kind of work. On March 16, 1926, Goddards first rocket soared up from a hill near Worcester, MA, on a 2.5-second flight that went up just over 12 meters.   That gasoline-powered rocket led to further developments in rocket flight. Goddard began working on newer and more powerful designs using bigger rockets. He had to solve problems controlling the angle and attitude of rocket flight, and also had to engineer rocket nozzles that would help to create greater thrust for the vehicle. Goddard also worked on a gyroscope system to control the stability of the rocket and devised a payload compartment to carry scientific instruments. Eventually, he created a parachute recovery system to return the rockets and payload safely to the ground. He also patented the multi-stage rocket in common use today. His 1919 paper, plus his other investigations into rocket design, are considered classics in the field. Dr. Goddard at his Launch Control Shack. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) Goddard and the Press Although Goddards groundbreaking work garnered scientific interest, his early experiments were criticized by the press as being too fanciful. Notably, however, much of this press coverage contained scientific inaccuracies. The most famous example appeared on January 20, 1920, in The New York Times. The article mocked Goddards predictions that rockets might someday be able to circle the Moon and transport humans and instruments to other worlds. The Times retracted the article 49 years later. The retraction was published on July 16, 1969- the day after three astronauts landed on the Moon: Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th Century and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error. Later Career Goddard continued his work on rockets throughout the 1920s and 30s, still fighting for recognition of the potential of his work by the U.S. government. Eventually, he moved his operations to Roswell, NM, and with financial backing from the Guggenheim family, he was able to carry out more rocket research. In 1942, Goddard and his team moved to Annapolis, Maryland, to work on jet-assisted take-off (JATO) technology.  He continually refined his designs throughout World War II, although not sharing his work with other scientists. Goddard preferred secrecy due to his concerns about patent infringement and intellectual property theft. (He repeatedly offered his services and technology, only to be rebuffed by the military and government.) Near the end of World War II and not long before his death, Goddard had a chance to see a captured German V-2 rocket and realized just how much the Germans had copied his work, despite the patents he had gained.   Death and Legacy Throughout his life, Robert H. Goddard remained on the research faculty at Clark University. After World War II, he  joined the American Rocket Society and its board of directors. However, his health was deteriorating, and he died on August 10, 1945. He was buried in Worcester, Massachusetts. Goddards wife, Esther Christine Kisk, gathered his papers after his death and worked on securing patents after Goddards death. Many of Goddards original papers containing his seminal work on rockets can be seen of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. Goddards influence and impact continues to be felt throughout our current space exploration efforts, plus those in the future. Honors Robert H. Goddard may not have been honored fully during his lifetime, but his legacy lives on in many places. NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is named after him, as are several schools across the U.S. He amassed 214 patents for his work during his lifetime, with 131 being awarded after he died. There are streets and park that bear his name, and the Blue Origin makers have named a reusable launch vehicle for him. Sources â€Å"Robert Hutchings Goddard Biographical Note. Archives and Special Collections, Clark University. www2.clarku.edu/research/archives/goddard/bio_note.cfm.Garner, Rob. â€Å"Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American Rocketry Pioneer.† NASA, NASA, 11 Feb. 2015,www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/history/dr_goddard.html.Lemelson-MIT Program.† Edmund Cartwright | Lemelson-MIT Program, lemelson.mit.edu/resources/robert-h-goddard.Petersen, Carolyn Collins. Space Exploration: Past, Present, Future. Amberley, 2017.Sean M. â€Å"March 1920 - ‘Report Concerning Further Developments’ in Space Travel.† Smithsonian Institution Archives, Smithsonian Institution, 17 Sept. 2012, siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/stories/march-1920-report-concerning-further-developments-space-travel.

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Finance - Essay Example (Annecy, n.d. Annecy Bid 2018.) Ticket sales are the highest in Pyeongchang. After that comes Munich. The difference between Munich projection and Pyeongchang projection has reached the point of $56.122 million dollars. Sponsorship includes TDP and Local Sponsorship. He highest sum of money goes for Annecy. This company is known to contribute up to $940.673 million into sponsorship. A second company in the list is Munich Company. It was estimated that the overall income of this company has reached the point of $762.340 million dollars. Consequently, if to review this company in terms of sponsorship, Annecy can be regarded as the most favorable contestants for Olympics. ( Munich, n.d. Munich Olympic Bid 2018) Third criterion to be viewed in this paper is licensing. When to review companies from the point of view of licensing, I can definitely say that the most â€Å"earning† city in the list is Annecy. This city is able to give the revenue from licensing which totals $51.15 million dollars. A second company in the list is Pyeonchang. This company earns as much as $43.6 million dollars. Consequently, a conclusion can be made that in terms of licensing and in terms of revenue potential Annecy occupies the first place in the list. On the basis of the analysis above we would conclude that Annecy is able to project the highest revenue which totaled to $2,049.750 million dollars. Therefore, we can consider Annecy as the most suitable candidate for hosting the Olympics. (Munich, n.d. Munich Olympic Bid 2018) The expenditure table indicates that the total expenditures projected by Annecy are on the higher side and the expenditures of Munich are on the lower side. The only minus is a relatively high amount of money needed to finance workforce in Annecy. Here the expenses on the work force proved to be higher as compared to the other cities. The expenses incurred by Annecy are higher than then of Munich what